Understanding the mechanisms of neurodegeneration induced by environmental hazards and neurodegenerative diseases is crucial for advancing neural health. In this talk, I will discuss the physiological impacts of microplastics on neuronal function, focusing on their potential to exacerbate neurodegenerative symptoms, such as those seen in Parkinson’s disease [1]. Additionally, I will present a newly developed optogenetic C. elegans model of TDP-43 proteinopathy, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), which could serve as a valuable tool for identifying potential therapeutic targets for ALS.