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DTSTART:20260329T030000
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DTSTAMP:20260425T193343Z
UID:1763042400@ist.ac.at
DTSTART:20251113T150000
DTEND:20251113T160000
DESCRIPTION:Speaker: Susan M. GASSER\nhosted by Alicia Michael\nAbstract: S
 egregation of genomic regions into accessible euchromatin and inaccessible
  heterochromatin is essential for temporal and tissue-specific gene transc
 ription. This is true across all eukaryotic organisms and it is particular
 ly pronounced in vertebrates and mammals\, where satellite repeat DNA\, tr
 ansposable elements (remnants of invasive retroviral and DNA viral element
 s)\, and simple repeats occupy up to 70% of the genome.  We have examined
  the loss of the major repressive epigenetic mark in C. elegans\, that is 
 di- and tri-methylation of lysine 9 of histone H3 \, which is  a conserve
 d nucleosomal marker for compacted and transcriptionally repressed heteroc
 hromatin.  We show that loss of the SETDB1 homolog (MET-2) derepresses sa
 tellite repeats\, transposable elements and tissue-specific genes by demet
 hylating histone H3 K9. Animals lacking met-2 show a loss of fertility\, h
 ave delays in development\, and shortened lifespan\, and show the promiscu
 ous transcription of repeat DNA and formation of RNA-DNA hybrids on what a
 re normally non transcribed repeats.  This HMT is highly regulated and fo
 rms nuclear foci through physical interaction with an intrinsically disord
 ered protein LIN-65.  Loss of the second H3K9 HMT in worms\, SET-25\, lea
 ds to the expression of full length retroviral elements and has the unique
  role of initiating de novo repression of invading retroviruses.The patter
 n of gene deregulation by loss of heterochromatin depends on the tissue st
 udied\, and the patterns of genes misexpressed is distinct in embryos\, mu
 scle\, skin and gut\, although in all differentiated tissues tested\, the 
 genes that determine the germline are aberrantly derepressed. However aber
 rant gene expression upon the loss of heterochromatin structure requires t
 he presence of activating transcription factors (TFs)\, and especially for
  the activation of silent tissue-specific genes\, the recruitment of a str
 ong histone acetyltransferase – p300/CBP.  It will be discussed how the
  loss of the integrity of both repressive and activating epigenetic factor
 s triggers both disease and aging.  In the final few minutes of the talk 
 a view of the future of medical research and health care in Europe will be
  discussed.
LOCATION:Central Bldg / Ground Floor / Ballroom\, ISTA
ORGANIZER:alicia.michael@ista.ac.at
SUMMARY:Susan M. GASSER: Epigenetics in development\, aging\, health and di
 sease\, and the future of medical research
URL:https://talks-calendar.ista.ac.at/events/6080
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