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DTSTART:20150329T030000
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DTSTAMP:20260501T162627Z
UID:54181b6cd51a9734532374@ist.ac.at
DTSTART:20150202T163000
DTEND:20150202T173000
DESCRIPTION:Speaker: Martin Schwab\nAbstract: Large spinal cord or brain in
 juries lead to life-long structural and functional deficits. In contrast\,
  small lesions of the CNS often have a good prognosis with extensive funct
 ional recovery\; the underlying mechanisms are not well understood\, howev
 er. Major changes in the neuronal wiring including formation of new circui
 ts and maps were found after spinal cord lesions in adult rats. Spinal cor
 d hemisections induced sprouting of spared reticulo-spinal fibers across t
 he midline of the lower cord\, as well as regenerative sprouting of lesion
 ed fibers and formation of a detour pathway via propriospinal neurons arou
 nd the lesion site.Electrical stimulation of this system induced locomotio
 n in animals with 80-90% destroyed spinal cords. - In a stroke model\, des
 truction of the forelimb motor cortex led to sprouting of hindlimb cortico
 spinal fibers into the cervical spinal cord and the formation of a new\, f
 unctional forelimb projection from former hindlimb neurons. However\, in a
 ll these cases extent and length of fiber growth was limited to about 0.2 
 - 2 mm.\nSpecific neurite growth inhibitory factors restrict plastic and r
 egenerative neurite growth in the adult CNS. The membrane protein Nogo-A i
 s currently the most potent known neurite growth inhibitor. Nogo-A activat
 es a RhoA cascade via two multisubunit receptor complexes. Function blocki
 ng antibodies against Nogo-A have been applied to rats and macaque monkeys
  with spinal cord injuries as well as animals with very large stroke lesio
 ns of the sensory-motor cortex. In the spinal cord\, injured fibers showed
  enhanced regenerative sprouting as well as long-distance regeneration wit
 h formation of large terminal arbors. Spared fiber tracts showed enhanced 
 compensatory sprouting\, often covering relatively long distances. In anim
 als with cortical strokes\, fibers from the intact corticobulbar or cortic
 ospinal system crossed the midline\, supplying innervation to the denervat
 ed brain stem or spinal cord under the influence of anti- Nogo-A antibodie
 s. Behavioral tests for locomotion\, grid and beam walk\, swimming\, as we
 ll as skilled forelimb reaching showed marked improvements of functional r
 ecovery in the Nogo-A antibody treated injured animals which could be furt
 her enhanced by intense rehabilitative training. Pharmacogenetically silen
 cing of the midline crossing corticospinal fibers in the stroke animals ab
 olished the regained skilled forelimb movements. - Antibodies against huma
 n Nogo-A are currently used in clinical trials for spinal cord injury\, MS
  and ALS.
LOCATION:Raiffeisen Lecture Hall\, Central Building\, ISTA
ORGANIZER:mtrappl@ist.ac.at
SUMMARY:Martin Schwab: Institute Colloquium:  Fiber growth\, formation of n
 ew circuits and functional repair
URL:https://talks-calendar.ista.ac.at/events/532
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