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DTSTAMP:20260405T162351Z
UID:65b10824aa97d703678678@ist.ac.at
DTSTART:20241008T110000
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DESCRIPTION:Speaker: Simo Pajovic\nhosted by Onur Hosten\nAbstract: X-ray i
 maging has a variety of applications in critical areas: it is one of the m
 ost important and common clinical tools for detection and diagnosis of dis
 ease and widely used in nondestructive testing and homeland security. Yet 
 this technology has many limitations that hinder its deployment and render
  some imaging modalities\, such as phase-contrast imaging\, impractical in
  clinical and industrial settings. We show that nanophotonics is capable o
 f addressing major limitations of both X-ray sources and detectors\, an ap
 proach that could transform X-ray imaging and overcome some of its current
  limitations. Our first solution addresses thermal management in X-ray tub
 es\, a commonly used type of X-ray source. Poor heat dissipation is a majo
 r cause of their demanding power requirements (e.g.\, a computed tomograph
 y scanner consumes the equivalent of approximately three American homes pe
 r year) and limits their brightness. We theoretically predict that by nano
 patterning the anode of an X-ray tube to enhance its emissivity\, more hea
 t can be dissipated via thermal radiation across the vacuum of the X-ray t
 ube to the housing. In turn\, we show that at typical operating temperatur
 es\, the X-ray tube can either operate with higher energy efficiency due t
 o a reduction in the cooling load or operate at ~2 times the power. This i
 s an important step toward more energy-efficient\, higher-brightness X-ray
  tubes. Our second solution addresses the opposite side of the system: the
  detector. To improve X-ray detection\, there is a need for scintillators 
 that can convert X-rays to visible light more efficiently\, but most devel
 opments have relied on materials discovery\, which can be slow and result 
 in marginal improvements. We have experimentally demonstrated that nanopat
 terning the surface of a scintillator can enhance the brightness of X-ray 
 images by nearly an order of magnitude. We have scaled up this material-ag
 nostic approach to surface areas as large as 4 cm x 4 cm (competitive with
  commercially available unpatterned scintillator screens) and have studied
  2D photonic crystals and photonic-crystal-fiber-like bulk patterns. Ultim
 ately\, our dual approach shows that nanophotonics can lead to improvement
 s in X-ray imaging\, such as better image quality\, more accurate and time
 ly diagnostics\, and better patient outcomes.
LOCATION:Office Bldg West / Ground floor / Heinzel Seminar Room (I21.EG.101
 )\, ISTA
ORGANIZER:swiddman@ist.ac.at
SUMMARY:Simo Pajovic: Source-to-detector nanophotonics for advanced X-ray i
 maging
URL:https://talks-calendar.ista.ac.at/events/5180
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