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DTSTART:20140330T030000
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DTSTAMP:20260504T111014Z
UID:50040450caca0@ist.ac.at
DTSTART:20140331T163000
DTEND:20140331T173000
DESCRIPTION:Speaker: Joachim Spatz\nAbstract: The collective migration of c
 ells is fundamental to epithelial biology. One of the hallmarks of collect
 ive behavior in migrating cohesive epithelial cell sheets is the emergence
  of so called leader cells. These cells exhibit a distinct morphology with
  a large and highly active lamellipodium. Although it is generally accepte
 d that they play a crucial part in collective migration\, the environmenta
 l and biophysical factors that regulate their formation remain unknown.\nH
 ere we discuss that a geometry - based cue imposed by the matrix environme
 nt like local curvature of the collective’s perimeter is capable of trigg
 ering leader cell formation and promoting enhanced motility at defined pos
 itions. Remarkably\, the extent of this effect scales with the magnitude o
 f the curvature.\nCytoskeletal tension was found to be important for geome
 try induced leader cell formation\, as cells treated with tension reducing
  agents appeared less sensitive to local curvature. Accordingly\, traction
  force microscopy revealed an increased level of shear stress at highly cu
 rved positions even before the cell migration had actually started\, indic
 ating the presence of a collective polarization induced by the geometry of
  the confinement.\nTogether our findings suggest that high curvature leads
  to locally increased stress accumulation\, mediated via cell - substrate 
 interaction as well as via cytoskeleton tension. The stress accumulation i
 n turn enhances the probability of leader cell formation as well as cell m
 otility. This work defines the importance of geometric cue such as local c
 urvature in the collective migration dynamics of epithelial cells and thus
  shows implications for the material and biophysical regulation of epithel
 ium during wound healing\, embryonic development\, and oncogenesis.
LOCATION:Raiffeisen Lecture Hall\, Central Building\, ISTA
ORGANIZER:ihetzenauer@ist.ac.at
SUMMARY:Joachim Spatz: Institute Colloquium: Geometric and mechanical mater
 ial constraints guide: collective
URL:https://talks-calendar.ista.ac.at/events/508
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