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DTSTAMP:20260505T043344Z
UID:5004044c9e7dc@ist.ac.at
DTSTART:20121119T163000
DTEND:20121119T173000
DESCRIPTION:Speaker: Brian Charlesworth\nAbstract: Natural selection is usu
 ally thought of as causing the evolution of properties of organisms like\n
 their structure\, physiology and behaviour\, which are controlled by the i
 nstructions encoded in\ntheir genomes. However\, genomes themselves are th
 e product of evolution\, and natural selection\nmust play a major role in 
 shaping their organization. Detecting and quantifying this aspect of\nsele
 ction and its interactions with other evolutionary factors\, such as mutat
 ion and random\nsampling effects due to finite population size\, is a majo
 r challenge for biologists\, especially as the\nintensity of selection on 
 many genomic features is probably so small as to be inaccessible to\nexper
 imental measurement. It is increasingly recognised that patterns of DNA se
 quence variation\nwithin populations offer considerable power to detect an
 d estimate selective effects of the order\nof one in a million or less\, i
 f these patterns are compared with the predictions of models of the\nevolu
 tionary processes involved. The utility of approaches based on such model-
 based analyses of\nsequence data is illustrated with two examples from Dro
 sophila population genetic studies. One\nconcerns selection on codon usage
  bias\, the non-random use of alternative codons for the same\namino-acid\
 , and the related problem of the GC content of sequences. The other concer
 ns selection\non the size of non-coding sequences\, especially introns. Th
 e evidence for pervasive selection on\nthese and other features of genomes
  raises the old problem of the ‘genetic load’\; how can a\npopulation su
 rvive the action of selection at tens or hundreds of millions of sites thr
 oughout the\ngenome? Two alternative resolutions of this problem are prese
 nted.
LOCATION:Raiffeisen Lecture Hall\, Central Building\, ISTA
ORGANIZER:ihetzenauer@ist.ac.at
SUMMARY:Brian Charlesworth: The Institute Colloquium: Natural selection and
  the genome
URL:https://talks-calendar.ista.ac.at/events/468
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