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DTSTART:20170326T030000
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DTSTART:20161030T020000
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DTSTAMP:20260428T051955Z
UID:57e270bd0b5a2986178242@ist.ac.at
DTSTART:20170322T123000
DTEND:20170322T133000
DESCRIPTION:Speaker: Neda Barghi\nhosted by Nick Barton\nAbstract: Highly r
 eplicated experiments with microbes indicated that rewinding the tape of l
 ife results in more parallel evolution than previously anticipated. This h
 igh reproducibility is attributed to genetic constraints\, resulting in di
 fferent mutations in the same genes or pathways. Little is known about the
  reproducibility of adaptation from standing variation in sexual eukaryote
 s\, where starting frequency\, effective population size\, and reservoir o
 f mutations come into play. Furthermore\, the adaptive traits are likely t
 o be more complex than for microorganisms. We used the most highly replica
 ted E&R study in Drosophila to study parallel evolution. The analysis of 1
 0 replicate Drosophila simulans populations adapting to a hot environment 
 uncovered a large number of candidate SNPs. To account for linkage\, these
  SNPs were clustered into haplotype groups\, each defining a selected geno
 mic region. Interestingly\, few clusters were selected in all replicates a
 nd most of them increased in frequency only in 1-5 replicates. Consistent 
 with genetic drift being a major factor determining the heterogeneity amon
 g replicates\, we found a strong positive correlation between the starting
  frequency of the selected clusters and the number of replicates showing a
  selection signature. Nevertheless\, the clusters were significantly enric
 hed for genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation pathway and TCA cycle\
 , as well as genes with monosaccharide transmembrane transporter\, triglyc
 eride lipase\, and endopeptidase activities. Moreover\, all evolved replic
 ates had a higher fecundity and metabolic rate than their ancestral popula
 tions. We conclude that natural D. simulans populations harbor sufficient 
 standing variation to fuel parallel evolution of fitness and metabolism de
 spite low parallelism on the gene level.
LOCATION:I22 Lakeside View (I22.01)\, ISTA
ORGANIZER:cfraisse@ist.ac.at
SUMMARY:Neda Barghi: All roads lead to adaptation: Genomic signatures of pa
 rallel evolution in Drosophila
URL:https://talks-calendar.ista.ac.at/events/264
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